Biological synthesis

Natural polymers and biopolymers formed in living cells may be synthesized by enzyme-mediated processes, such as the arrangement of DNA catalyzed by DNA polymerase. The synthesis of proteins involves multiple enzyme-mediated processes to transcribe genetic information from the DNA and subsequently translate that information to synthesize the particular protein. The protein may be personalized further following translation in order to provide appropriate structure and function.

Fixed income

Fixed income refers to any kind of investment that yields a regular (or fixed) return.
For example, if you make use of money and have to pay interest once a month, you have issued a fixed-income security. When a company does this, it is often called a bond or corporate bank debt although 'preferred stock' is also sometimes measured to be fixed income. Sometimes people misspeak when they talk about fixed income; bonds really have higher risk, while notes and bills have less risk because these are issued by Government agencies.

The term fixed income is also useful to a person's income that does not vary with each period. This can include income derivative from fixed-income investments such as bonds and preferred stocks or pensions that guarantee a fixed income.

Cash flow

Cash flow is a word that refers to the amount of cash being received and spent by a business during a defined period of time, sometimes joined to a specific project.

Measurement of cash flow can be used to assess the state or performance of a business or project.
To determine problems with liquidity. Being profitable does not essentially mean being liquid. A company can fail because of a lack of cash, even while profitable.
To generate project rate of returns. The time of cash flows into and out of projects are worn as inputs to financial models such as internal rate of return, and net present value.
To examine income or growth of a business when it is believed that accrual accounting concepts do not symbolize economic realities. Alternately, cash flow can be used to 'validate' the net income generated by accrual accounting.

Cash flow as a general term may be used differently depending on context, and certain cash flow definitions may be modified by analysts and users for their own uses. Common terms (with relatively standardized definitions) contain operating cash flow and free cash flow.

Social anthropology

Social anthropology is the branch of anthropology that studies how at this time living human beings behave in social groups.

Substantive focus and practice Practioners of social anthropology investigate, often through long term, concentrated field studies (including participant observation methods), the social organization of a particular people: customs, economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, kinship and family structure, gender relations, childrearing and socialization, religion, and so on.

Social anthropology also explore the role of meanings, ambiguities and contradiction of social life, patterns of sociality, violence and conflict, and the underlying logics of social behavior. Social anthropologists are taught in the interpretation of narrative, ritual and symbolic behavior not merely as text, but with communication examined in relation to action, practice, and the historical context in which it is embedded. Social anthropologists address the variety of positions and perspectives to be found within any social group.